Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 05: Dr. Robert Barratt. Mathematics, coding and the Neolithic alignments of Malta and Ireland
In this engaging podcast episode, Dr. Robert Barratt, a research scientist at Queen’s University in Belfast, discusses his innovative application of computer code to investigate the astronomical alignments of Neolithic structures. Dr. Barratt converted the tables from Astronomical Algorithms into functional code, using them to generate precise 3D simulations of ancient temples and circles. His work demonstrates the power of integrating computer science with archaeology, offering novel insights into how prehistoric societies may have aligned their monuments with celestial phenomena.
Figure 01: Episode graphic. Courtesy of the author.
The episode delves into the challenges of working with complex data sets and how compounding variables can hinder the interpretation of astronomical alignments. Dr. Barratt emphasizes that assumptions in archaeoastronomy need to align with the material culture of the site. This alignment is not merely theoretical but essential for grounding astronomical hypotheses in archaeological reality. Without this connection, interpretations can easily veer into speculative territory, leading researchers astray from the actual intentions behind these ancient constructions. For Barratt, ensuring this methodological rigor is as much about mathematical precision as it is about archaeological sensitivity.
Dr. Barratt also presents his research methodology, offering a detailed look at how statistics, random number generation, and comparative models serve as key tools for assessing intentionality in astronomical alignments. He explains how certain alignments may appear coincidental without statistical validation, and therefore, rigorous testing is necessary to separate intentional design from mere chance. His approach draws heavily on big data analysis, field experimentation, and computer simulations, demonstrating how interdisciplinary collaboration can enhance archaeoastronomical studies.
Figure 02: Ħaġar Qim ("Standing/Worshipping Stones") is a megalithic temple complex on the Mediterranean island of Malta, dating from the Ġgantija phase (3600–3200 BC). (Hamelin de Guettelet / CC BY SA-3.0)
The episode highlights two significant case studies from Dr. Barratt’s research: the Neolithic temples of Malta and the timber circles of Ireland. In these contexts, Barratt’s software has been instrumental in revealing patterns of alignment with the movements of the sun, moon, and planets. These discoveries help build a clearer picture of how prehistoric societies engaged with the cosmos, embedding celestial knowledge into their architecture. The temples of Malta, for example, exhibit potential solstitial alignments, while the timber circles of Ireland suggest intentional placement in relation to lunar cycles. However, Dr. Barratt is careful to underline that statistical probabilities are only the starting point-interpretation must be cautious and guided by archaeological evidence.
A significant portion of the discussion focuses on the intersection of data science and fieldwork. Barratt recounts the iterative process of collecting data, generating hypotheses, and testing them through field observations. His unique combination of digital models with real-world experimentation allows him to explore how light, shadow, and celestial bodies would interact with these ancient structures at specific moments in time. This fusion of computational modeling with empirical testing represents a cutting-edge approach in archaeoastronomy, enabling researchers to move beyond anecdotal alignments toward reproducible, evidence-based conclusions.
