The Art Of Noh: 14th-Century Japanese Dance Drama
Since the 14th century AD, Noh has been a major form of classical Japanese dance-drama. It is the oldest major theatre art form that is still performed on a regular basis to this day. Noh, which is written in late-middle Japanese, incorporates masks, costumes, and various props in a dance-based performance. The masks represent roles such as ghosts, women, deities, and demons as the actors employ highly-stylized gestures to convey emotions. Each Noh performance requires advanced performance and technical abilities from its actors and musicians as it involves a complex combination of acting, dance, music, and other skills. Modern players are also required to be fluent in the language of the original scripts, which is an old version of the Japanese language familiar to us today. Not surprising, then, that in this context the kanji for Noh (能) means "skill," "craft," or "talent," particularly in the field of performing arts.
Lord Yoritomoku Watches a Noh Performance (Public Domain)
The Noh Stage
The traditional Noh stage is completely open, allowing the performers and audience to share an experience throughout the performance. With no proscenium or curtains to obstruct the view, the audience can see each actor even before and after they enter and exit the central stage. One of the most distinguishing features of a Noh stage is its independent roof which hangs over the stage even in indoor theaters. The roof, which is supported by four columns, represents the sanctity of the stage, and is inspired by the haiden (worship pavilion) or kagura-den (sacred dance pavilion) of Shinto shrines. The Noh stage is entirely constructed of unfinished hinoki (Japanese cypress) with few decorative elements. The hashigakari ("suspension bridge"), a narrow bridge at upstage right used by actors to enter the stage, is another distinguishing feature of the stage. The bridge represents the mythic nature of Noh plays, which frequently feature otherworldly ghosts and spirits.
